Notes

SQLite is an embedded database that holds a SQL database in a single file. It is one of the most frequently chosen options for local storage in desktop and mobile apps.

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cmd.exe is the command processor on Windows NT-family systems. It debuted in 1993 with Windows NT 3.1 and ships with every Windows release. Since PowerShell arrived, cmd's role as an entry point for new code has shrunk,…

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Developing on Windows often runs into "Linux-only tools" — Docker, certain CLIs, shell scripts, compilation environments. WSL2 raises a real Linux environment inside the same machine without dual-booting or a heavyweigh…

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These three acronyms are often cited together as software design principles. Their origins and meanings differ slightly, and some interpretations even conflict. This article covers the origin, intent, and frequently con…

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An embedding is the result of mapping text (or images · code) to fixed-dimensional real-valued vectors. On top of the assumption that semantically close items sit close in the vector space, search · clustering · classif…

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Some external SaaS providers have no emulator: OAuth login · payments · dynamic DNS · Slack Webhook · AI providers, plus services where the official side never built one, such as Firebase Cloud Messaging. When you want…

Choosing to write docs and comments in a native language other than English is a decision development teams in non-English-speaking regions often face. This article covers the convention of separating identifiers (Engli…

There are places where you want external behavior to run before or after an LLM agent's tool call. Auto-formatter execution, change watching, logging, policy validation, secret-leak blocking — that kind of work.

When programs exchange data with each other they need an agreed-upon notation. The four we meet most often in config files, API responses, CI workflows, and environment variables are JSON, YAML, TOML, and XML.

JWT is a lightweight way to carry claims, but it does not by itself answer every question an authentication system needs. We cover the short-access-token / long-refresh-token pattern, invalidation strategies, algorithm…

cmd.exe is the command processor on Windows NT-family systems. It debuted in 1993 with Windows NT 3.1 and ships with every Windows release. Since PowerShell arrived, cmd's role as an entry point for new code has shrunk,…

First released in 1995, Java has lived for nearly 30 years. This post lays out Java's flow, the LTS cycle, and a few features in Java 21 that carry real weight, all on a factual basis. We also briefly touch on neighbors…

Some ports need to be reachable from the internet, others should only be used inside the same host. The simplest tool to separate the two is the bind address. When a path that only outsiders can take is needed, an SSH t…

These three acronyms are often cited together as software design principles. Their origins and meanings differ slightly, and some interpretations even conflict. This article covers the origin, intent, and frequently con…

Reports that the time spent fixing already-built code is longer than the time spent building new features are common. Debugging is closer to a mindset than a separate skill. We honestly examine what we're assuming and w…

After building a container image, the next question is where to run it. One option is to run docker directly on EC2; another is to delegate container lifecycle, health checks, rolling deploys, and service discovery to a…

Feature flags (a.k.a. feature toggles) are a pattern frequently cited from large-company case studies. Small teams sometimes carry the same expectations into them, but cost and benefit vary by environment. This article…

Code that handles images shows up often. Resize an uploaded photo, convert formats, generate thumbnails.

A monorepo keeps the source for many projects in a single version-controlled repository. This article covers what a monorepo is, its history, how far a lightweight setup like pnpm workspaces can take us, and what full-s…

Attempts to feed information from design tools into a code-writing LLM are growing. When a designer's screen is shown to the LLM and components, tokens, and layouts are translated into code, Figma occupies the largest p…

Frontend bundlers have branched out rapidly over the past decade or so.

Everyone has felt lost after being told "read the official docs." Open them and the volume is the size of a book — there's no clear sense of where to start. Documentation is not material to read cover-to-cover like a bo…

The editor is where most of the typing and reading actually happens. This article covers the leading editors, the standard protocols (LSP, DAP), and EditorConfig.

Some modern web features simply do not work over HTTP. Service Worker, WebAuthn, parts of the media APIs, and the Secure flag for Cookie SameSite=None are the cases. In production HTTPS is naturally there, but local dev…

Reverse proxy, HTTPS termination, and static file serving show up in nearly every web service. nginx has been the long-standing standard, and Caddy carved out its place by emphasizing automatic HTTPS and simple configur…